Water Proofing

Waterproofing of humid areas

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Cement-based waterproofing slurry

2- Two-component, elastic waterproofing slurry

3- Polyester cloth for reinforcing waterproofing layers

4- Fiberglass mesh for reinforcing waterproofing layers.

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

Areas constantly subject to moisture, such as bathrooms, showers, sanitary areas etc., must be waterproofed in order to prevent leakage of water, in the form of moisture, into neighbouring areas.

Such waterproofing is normally applied underneath the tiles that in most cases cover the surfaces of humid areas. A fundamental requirement is that the waterproofing layer should withstand constant moisture and should also be durable and long lasting, since later intervention to repair the waterproofing layer is difficult and costly.

  1. SOLUTION

Cement-based waterproofing slurry is an ideal solution for waterproofing surfaces in areas subject to permanent moisture. It is a cement-based brushable sealing slurry that provides total water impermeability.

It is suitable for surfaces made of concrete, cement mortar or plaster.

Cement-based waterproofing slurry is especially recommended for waterproofing surfaces in humid areas to be covered with tiles, such as bathrooms, showers etc., since its chemical affinity to the tile adhesive (they are both cementitious) secure the monolithic bonding of the two layers.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. The surface must be free of grease, loose particles, dust etc.
  2. When required, total smoothing of the substrate is carried out in order to create an even surface for the application of Cement-based waterproofing slurry and the subsequent tile fixing.
  3. Good wetting should follow, without creating standing water.

Application of AQUAMAT

  1. The content of one bag of Cement-based waterproofing slurry (25 kg) is gradually added into 8,25 litres of water under continuous stirring, until a brushable, uniform slurry is formed. A low-revolution (300 rpm) mixer can be used for mixing.
  2. 2-3 coats of Cement-based waterproofing slurry are applied by brush. Each coat should dry before applying the next one. To avoid cracking, the thickness of each layer should not exceed to 1 mm.
    Consumption of Cement-based waterproofing slurry: 2-3 kg/m2in total.
    Along joints and intersections between walls and floors, the use of the elastic sealing slurry is recommended as well as local reinforcement of the waterproofing membrane with 10 cm wide fibreglass mesh tape or polyester cloth tape. A 12-15 cm wide coating of elastic sealing slurry is applied along the joints or wall intersections and the reinforcement is then positioned while the elastic sealing slurry layer is still fresh. The second coat is applied after the first has dried.The use of elastic waterproofing slurry is also recommended where expansion-contraction of the substrate is expected (e.g. floors with in-floor heating).
    elastic waterproofing slurry consumption: approx. 3,5 kg/m2 in total.
  1. REMARKS
  • Temperature during the application should be at least +50
  • waterproofing slurry cement and reacts as alkaline with water, so it is classified as irritant.
  • Consult the usage risks and safety advice written on the bag.

Waterproofing of pools and painting with epoxy coating

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Two-component epoxy coating suitable for swimming pools

2- Two-component, colorless epoxy impregnation

3- Waterproofing admixture for mortars and non-reinforced concrete

4- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

5- Plasticizing/water reducing admixture for concrete

6- Two-component epoxy putty

7- Special solvent for epoxy coatings

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

A usual and affordable way to prepare the final surface of a swimming pool is to paint it with a special paint, such as an epoxy coating. This is a technically efficient solution that is clearly more affordable than overlaying with ceramic tiles.

The choice of using epoxy coating affects significantly the selection of the means for waterproofing the pool, since it sets specific requirements for the waterproofing that will be carried out.

More specifically, the waterproofing layer must:

  • Be long lasting, since its position between the pool’s structural elements and the layer of the epoxy coating makes future interventions difficult and  expensive.
  • Bond well to the pool’s structural elements, in order to withstand negative pressure that may develop on it periodically.
  • Have a smooth surface.

The coating to be used must have the following properties:

  • Elasticity, in order not to crack from possible expansions and contractions.
  • Resistance to water and chemicals that may be present in the pool water (e.g. chlorine).
  • Resistance to weather effects (e.g. solar radiation, frost etc.).
  1. SOLUTION

The primary requirement is that the pool’s frame must have been calculated properly so that it can withstand the water’s hydrostatic pressure successfully.

Waterproofing of the pool is achieved efficiently by applying a strong waterproof cement mortar to the pool’s walls and bottom, which acts as a sealing and smoothing layer at the same time. Thus, the smooth, stable and waterproof substrate needed for the application of the epoxy coating is created.

This cement mortar becomes waterproof with the addition of waterproofing admixture, in a proportion of 1% of the cement weight.

Its bonding to the pool’s walls is ensured by the application of a spatterdash reinforced with polymer latex, while its bonding to the bottom is ensured by the application of a bonding layer reinforced with polymer latex, as well.

Moreover,it is recommended that during the concreting of the pool’s structural elements, concrete waterproofing admixture is added to the concrete, in the proportion of 0,2-0,5% of the cement weight.

The requirements of elasticity and resistance to chemicals that the coating must satisfy are met successfully by the application of epoxy coating. This is a 2-component epoxy system that displays increased elasticity and resistance to friction. Furthermore, it is especially resistant to a variety of chemicals, such as diluted acids, alkalis, petroleum products, some solvents, water, sea water, and to weather effects.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. The substrate should be cleaned thoroughly of grease residues, deshuttering agents, loose materials, dust etc.
  2. Exceeding construction forks should be cut up to the surface of the wall.
  3. A strong, waterproof undercoat layer of a cement mortar (cement : sand = 1 : 2,5) should be prepared, with the addition of waterproofing admixture, in a proportion of 1% of the cement’s weight.
    The bonding of the cement mortar to vertical surfaces is reinforced by the application of a spatterdash with the addition of polymer latex (cement : sand : polymer latex : water = 1 : 1 : 0,25 : 0,25 parts by volume).
    The cement mortar’s bonding to the bottom of the pool is reinforced by applying a bonding layer with the addition of polymer latex (cement : sand : polymer latex : water = 1 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,5 parts by volume).
    The undercoat layer should be applied with the aid of guiding beams at a thickness of 2-3 cm.
    Consumption of ADINOL-DM: approx. 4,2 kg/m3of cement mortar.
  4. A strong, waterproof finishing layer of a cement mortar should be prepared, with the use of fine-graded sand (cement : sand = 1 : 2) to which waterproofing admixture is added, in a proportion of 1% of the cement’s weight.
    The cement mortar should be applied at a thickness of 5-10 mm and then rubbed with a sponge float.
    Consumption of Waterproofing admixture for mortars and non-reinforced concrete: about 5 kg/m3of cement mortar.
  5. At the intersection of the walls and bottom of the pool, and where walls meet, it is recommended that a groove is formed during the application of the cement mortar, in order to facilitate the subsequent application of the epoxy products.

Priming and painting with EPOXYCOAT- epoxy paint

  1. At least 28 days after the application of the cement mortar, time which is required for it’s hardening, and as long as it is dry (moisture < 4%), the surface of the pool's bottom and walls should be primed with colorless epoxy.
    Components A (resin) and B (hardener) are packed in two separate containers, having the correct predetermined mixing proportion by weight. The whole quantity of component B is added into component A. Mixing of the 2 components should take place for about 5 minutes, using a low revolution mixer (300 rpm). It is important to stir thoroughly the mixture near the sides and bottom of the container, to succeed uniform dispersion of the hardener.
    Consumption of colorless epoxy: about 150 g/m2, depending on the substrate’s absorptivity.
    Alternatively, priming may be done with epoxy coating diluted 10% to 20% with SM-14 special thinner.
  2. Any cracks or imperfections should be filled in with epoxy putty.
  3. After the primer dries, and within 24 hours of its application, the pool should be painted with epoxy coating.
    Components A (resin) and B (hardener) are packed in two separate containers, having the correct predetermined mixing proportion by weight. The whole quantity of component B is added into component A. Mixing of the 2 components should take place for about 5 minutes, using a low revolution mixer (300 rpm). It is important to stir thoroughly the mixture near the sides and bottom of the container, to succeed uniform dispersion of the hardener.
    EPOXYCOAT may be applied as it is or diluted up to 10% by weight with SM-14 special thinner with a brush, roller or airless gun in 2 layers. The second layer should be applied after the first one has dried, but within 24 hours of its application.
    Consumption of EPOXYCOAT: 200-300 g/m2per layer.
  1. REMARKS
  • Particular attention must be paid to the proper placement of the “special parts” of the pool, such as lights, water inflow and outflow points etc., which are vulnerable points as far as waterproofing is concerned.
  • EPOXYCOAT contains solvents. In cases of applications in closed rooms, measures should be taken for good ventilation.
  • Working time of epoxy systems decreases when ambient temperature rises.
  • Bonding between successive layers may be severely affected by the intervention moisture or dirt.
  • Epoxy layers should be protected from moisture for 4-6 hours after application. Moisture may whiten the surface or/and make it sticky. It may also disturb hardening. Faded or sticky layers in parts of the surface should be removed by grinding or milling and laid again.
  • In case that longer time than predicted interferes between the application of successive layers or in case that old floors are going to be laid again, the surface should be thoroughly cleaned and ground before application of the new layer.
  • Before application, study the safety advice mentioned on the product’s labels.

Waterproofing of watertanks and reservoirs made of concrete

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Cement-based waterproofing slurry

2- Two-component, elastic waterproofing slurry

3- Polymer-modified cement mortar

4- Fast-setting patching mortar

5- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

6- Plasticizing/water reducing admixture for concrete

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

One of the most important issues that builders confront with while constructing concrete water reservoirs is waterproofing. The requirements, which must be satisfied, differ according to whether it is located above or below ground.

In the case of an underground reservoir, the waterproofing layer must:

  • Ensure that there is neither leakage of water from the reservoir nor any ingress of water from the surrounding soil.
  • Be strongly bonded to the walls of the reservoir, in order to withstand the negative pressures that develop when the reservoir is emptied and the water table of the urrounding soil is raised, even if this only occurs temporarily.

In the case of an above the ground reservoir, the waterproofing layer must:

  • Be effective in terms of having no leaks.
  • Have sufficient elasticity to withstand the expansion and contraction of the reservoir walls and floor, since these are exposed to temperature changes of the enviroment 24 hours a day.
  1. SOLUTION

An essential assumption for successful waterproofing is that the walls and floor of the reservoir are properly designed so that they are statically efficient to withstand the hydrostatic water pressure developed.

Underground reservoir

The internal surfaces of the walls and floor are coated with, cement-based, brushable sealing slurry, which provides:

  • A uniform and continuous, totally waterproof membrane, which is characterised by high strength and strong bonding to the substrate in order to withstand negative pressure.
  • Strength and longevity due to the inorganic nature of the material.

Above the ground reservoir

The walls and floor are coated with, elastic, brushable sealing slurry. The membrane created is:

  • Totally waterproof.
  • Very durable and strongly bonded.
  • Long lasting.
  • Highly elastic in order to follow successfully the expansion and contraction of the substrate.

During construction of the reservoir’s concrete elements, the use of plasticizer-concrete waterproofing admixture, is recommended in either case. This should be added to concrete in the proportion of 0,2-0,5% of cement weight.

III.APPLICATION
Preparation of the substrate

  1. Thorough cleaning of grease residues, deshuttering agents, dust, loose materials, etc. from the surface.
  2. Loose particles should be cleaned from existing cavities in the concrete.
  3. Form wires and distance pieces should be cut at a depth of 3 cm.
  4. Existing construction joints should be opened in a V-shape, towards the inside, along their entire length, at a depth of 3 cm.
  5. The above areas should be dampened well and filled in with polymer modified cement mortar, or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex. Alternatively, when fast work is required, filling in can be done with RAPICRET fast-setting patching mortar.
    Consumption of polymer modified cement mortar: 25 kg for filling in a surface of 30-40m2(indicating consumption for a usual concrete wall surface).
  6. The intersection of the floor with the vertical structures, should be dampened and sealed along their entire length using polymer-modified cement mortar, or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex (formation of a 5-6 cm triangular sided groove). Where fast work is necessary, fast-setting patching mortar may be used instead.
    Polymer-modified cement mortar consumption: 1,9-2,7 kg/m length of groove.
  7. The entire surface of the substrate should be dampened well, but without creating any water puddles.

Application of waterproofing

Underground reservoir

  1. The content of a 25 kg bag of Cement-based waterproofing slurry is gradually added to 8,25 kg of water under continuous stirring, until a uniform brushable paste is formed. A low-revolution mixer (300 rpm) may be used for mixing.
  2. waterproofing slurry is coated inside the reservoir, on the floor and walls, in 3-4 layers. As the depth of the reservoir and therefore the developed hydrostatic pressure increases, there is a requirement for more consumption of the material. Each layer should be applied after the previous one has dried. In order to avoid cracking, each layer should not be more than 1 mm thick.
    Consumption of waterproofing slurry: 3-4 kg/min total.

Above the ground reservoir

  1. The content of the 25 kg bag (component A) of elastic waterproofing slurry is added into the 10 kg of liquid (component B) under continuous stirring, until a uniform viscous mixture is formed, suitable for brush application. A low-revolution mixer (300 rpm) may be used for mixing.
  2. elastic waterproofing slurry is coated inside the reservoir, on the floor and walls, in 3-4 layers. As the depth of the reservoir and therefore the developed hydrostatic pressure increases, there is a requirement for more consumption of the material. Each layer should be applied after the previous one has dried. In order to avoid cracking, each layer should not be more than 1 mm thick.
    Consumption of elastic waterproofing slurry: 3-4 kg/m2in total.
  1. REMARKS
  • The ambient temperature during application of the material must be above +50
  • Consult the instructions for safe use and precautions written on the packaging.

Waterproofing of basements against water under pressure

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Cement-based waterproofing slurry

2- Two-component, elastic waterproofing slurry

3- Rapid-setting cement

4- Polymer-modified cement mortar

5- Fast-setting patching mortar

6- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

7- Plasticizing/water reducing admixture for concrete

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

Basements of buildings, in order to be useable and viable, require effective protection against moisture and water under pressure. When the underground water level around the basement is above the level of the basement floor, the basement must be prepared as a watertight basin, which will constantly be found in water and will be consistently subjected to hydrostatic pressure.

Such a sealing layer must:

  • Seal effectively, even in cases of high hydrostatic pressure.
  • Be long lasting, because potential damage would lead to immediate flooding of the basement, and because its repairing or rebuilding would require significant work and expenses.
  1. SOLUTION

In these cases, waterproofing from the interior of the basement is usually recommended, in order to create a continuous and watertight basin.

It is always of primary importance that the supporting elements are properly designed so that they are able to bear the water’s hydrostatic pressure. The application of cement-based brushable sealing slurry is recommended since it has the advantage of being applicable to internal walls and basement floor. It forms a strong bond to the substrate and withstands negative pressure from water.

Thus, Cement-based waterproofing slurry bonding layer:

  • Creates a continuous, strong, closed and watertight basin to the entire basement. It may be applied both in new buildings and in old ones when a waterproofing issue arises.
  • Allows transpiration and ensures the viability and utilization of the basement.
  • Offers effective waterproofing even under high hydrostatic pressure.
  • Is long-lasting because of its inorganic substance.

In case of a new building, the addition of waterproofing admixture into concrete during the concreting of the basement’s structural elements, in a proportion of 0,2-0,5% of the cement weight, is recommended.

III.APPLICATION
Preliminary work – temporary construction of a pumping saft

  1. A pumping saft is dug, as near as possible to the center of the basement’s ground plan, and as deep as possible, in order to lower the water table below the level of the aterproofing works.
  2. The water is pumped out in order to keep its level constantly below the level of the waterproofing works.
  3. A drainage layer is prepared in the foundations by placing geotextile first, and then  2-4 cm gravel.
  4. It is proposed that the gravel layer is covered with a polyethylene sheet, in order to prevent fine-grained material from entering, during the concreting of the basement’s slab.
    Alternatively, instead of polyethylene and gross concrete, membrane can be used to cover the gravel, followed directly by the concreting of the basement’s slab.
  5. At the same time, the saft is formed by placing perforated (holes with a diameter of 1 cm) cement pipes with a diameter of40-50 cm, surrounded by a layer of gravel and geotextile, which will function as a filter, impeding the entrance of extraneous materials into the saft.
  6. In case of a basement of an existing construction, after setting the pipes in their place, the floor is concreted around their perimeter, so that the continuity of concrete slab and pipe.
    In this case, the bonding between the old and new concrete is enhanced by the application of a bonding layer reinforced with polymer latex (cement : sand polymer latex: water = 1 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,5 parts by volume).

Substrate preparation

  1. Cone-shaped holes are opened at any leaking points, they are broadened in the opposite direction from the water flow, and they are sealed with the rapid-setting cement.
    Often, when leaking points are sealed, new ones appear, because the water finds the next easy way out. Since it is unknown how long the continuous sealing of new leaks can go on, small discharge pipes are placed along the open holes, which are sealed around them.  The discharge pipes can be directed to the pumping saft in order to drain the gathering water.
  2. Any remaining grease, deshuttering agents, loose particles etc. are cleaned thoroughly from the concrete surface.
  3. Cavities in the concrete are cleaned also from loose particles, gravel etc.
  4. Distance-pieces and form wires are cut at a depth of approx. 3 cm.
  5. Any existing construction joints are opened in a V-shape along their entire length tat a depth of approx. 3cm.
  6. The surface of the above areas is thoroughly dampened and polymer modified cement mortar is applied, or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex. Alternatively, when fast work is required, fast-setting patching mortar can be used.
    polymer modified cement mortar consumption: 25 kg for a surface of 30-40 m2(indicative consumption for a usual concrete wall surface).
  7. Intersections of the floor and vertical elements (walls, supports etc.) should be dampened and sealed over its entire length with polymer modified cement mortar or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex (formation of a triangular groove with side length of approx. 5-6cm). When fast work is required, fast-setting patching mortar for sealing can be used instead.
    Consumption of polymer modified cement mortar:  1,9-2,7 kg/m of groove length.
  8. The entire substrate surface is dampened well, without leaving any water puddles.

Application of Cement-based waterproofing slurry

  1. The content of one bag of Cement-based waterproofing slurry (25kg) is gradually added into 8,25 kg of water under continuous stirring, until a uniform brushable slurry is formed. A low-revolution mixer (300 rpm) can be used for mixing.
  2. 3-4 layers of Cement-based waterproofing slurry are applied to the internal walls, and then to the basement floor. Cement-based waterproofing slurry should be applied at the walls for at least 50 cm above the water level. Each layer should dry before applying the next one. To avoid cracking of the material, each layer’s thickness should not be more than 1 mm.
    Consumption: 3-4 kg/m2in total.
  3. For surfaces that may show hairline cracks because of expansion and contraction, or on construction joints, as well as at points where pipes or other metal elements penetrate the concrete, the use of elastic brushable sealing slurry is recommended.

Finishing – full-formation of the pumping saft
After the waterproofing of the basement is finished, there is no further need to pump out water; therefore, the presence of a pumping saft is no longer necessary. However, it is recommended that the saft is maintained, in order to confront possible future damage to the waterproofing, for example, during later electrical, mechanical, or plumbing work in the basement.

In such cases, if the saft has been maintained, a quick pump-out and immediate lowering of the water table can be done if needed, in order to avoid flooding of the basement and the probable ruin of any valuable items located there.

The saft should extend above the basement floor until the highest observed level of the water table plus a safety margin of at least 50 cm, because according to the principle of communicating vessels, after the pumping-out stops, the water level inside the saft will rise to the same height as the water level around the basement.

In order for the pumping saft to obtain its final form, the following work must be done:

  1. As many additional pipes as needed are placed until the saft reaches the desired height. These pipes are bonded to each other with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex.
  2. Intersections of the floor with the overhang of the saft should be sealed along its perimeter with polymer modified cement mortar, or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex. (formation of a triangular groove with side length of approx. 5-6 cm).

The floor waterproofing is extended to the entire height of the saft overhang by brushing 3-4 layers of Cement-based waterproofing slurry

  1. along its perimeter, up to its upper limit. Each layer should dry before applying the next one.

3 days after the waterproofing is applied, during which Cement-based waterproofing slurry

has acquired significant strength, the discharge pipes are removed from the points of water discharge. Subsequently, sealing with Rapid-setting cement

and brushing over locally with Cement-based waterproofing slurry

It is recommended that pumping out of water should continue for about 7 days after the waterproofing is finished, until the strength of the Cement-based waterproofing slurry

  1. membrane has developed sufficiently.

It is recommended that Cement-based waterproofing slurry

  1. membrane on the basement floor is covered with mortar flooring, tiling, etc. in order to protect it from possible damage caused while the area is used.
  1. REMARKS
  • The ambient temperature, during the application, should be at least +50
  • Consult the instructions for safe use and precautions written on the products packaging.

Waterproofing of basements against moisture and water without hydrostatic pressure

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Cement-based waterproofing slurry

2- Polymer-modified cement mortar

3- Fast-setting patching mortar

4- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

5- Plasticizing/water reducing admixture for concrete

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

Basement areas must be effectively waterproofed against moisture and water in order to be usable. Where the problem is simply moisture or water without hydrostatic pressure (e.g. penetration by rain water), then the waterproofing layer to be applied should be:

  • Efficient against moisture or water.
  • Long lasting, especially because of the difficulties in access and permanent contact with soil.
  1. SOLUTION

Wherever possible, it is recommended that the waterproofing layer is applied on the external side of the basement shell, which is the side from which water penetrates.

Coating the exterior basement walls and the interior floor (the only feasible solution) with cement-based, brushable sealing slurry, creates a waterproof layer that:

  • Offers effective waterproofing.
  • It is vapour permeable and ensures the viability and utilisation ability of the basement area.
  • It is characterised by reliability and longevity due to the inorganic nature of the material.

Ιf exterior coating is not feasible Cement-based waterproofing slurry can alternatively be used in the interior, since it bonds strongly to the substrate and withstands negative pressure.

In case of a new building, it is also recommended that PLASTIPROOF concrete waterproofing admixture is added during concreting the structural elements of the basement in a proportion of 0,2-0,5% by cement weight.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. The substrate should be thoroughly cleaned from any possible formwork oil residues, loose particles, dust etc.
  2. Any cavities in the concrete should be cleaned from loose particles, aggregates etc.
  3. Form wires and distance pieces should be cut at a 3 cm depth.
  4. Any working joints should be widened in a V-shape along their length, at a depth of 3 cm.
  5. The surface of the above areas should be thoroughly dampened and filled with polymer modified cement mortar, or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex. Alternatively, when fast work is necessary, fast-setting patching mortar can be used instead.
    Polymer-modified cement mortar consumption: 25 kg for trearing a 30-40 m2surface (indicative consumption for a normal concrete wall).
  6. Intersections of the floor with vertical elements (concrete walls, columns), should be dampened and sealed, along their entire length with polymer modified cement mortar, or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex (formation of a “groove” with a triangular cross-section having 5-6 cm sides).
    Polymer-modified cement mortar consumption: 1,9-2,7 kg/m of “groove”.
  7. All surfaces should be thoroughly dampened, without creating standing water.

Cement-based waterproofing slurry application

  1. The contents of one bag of Cement-based waterproofing slurry (25 kg) is gradually added into 8,25 litres of water under continuous stirring until a uniform slurry, suitable for coating, is formed. A low-revolution (300 rpm) mixer can be used for mixing.
  2. 2-3 layers of Cement-based waterproofing slurry are applied on the external walls of the basement. The coating surface must extend at least 50 cm above ground level. Each layer must be fully dry before the next one is applied. To avoid cracking, each layer should not be more than 1 mm thick.
    Consumption: 2-3 kg/m2in total.
  3. 2-3 layers of Cement-based waterproofing slurry are applied on the basement floor. Each layer must be fully dry before the next one is applied. The floor coating must extend on the concrete walls or columns at least 50 cm above the groove formed at the intersection with the floor. To avoid cracking, each layer should not be more than 1 mm thick.
    Consumption: 2-3 kg/m2in total.
  4. It is recommended that the Cement-based waterproofing slurry layer on the basement floor is protected against possible damage by a protective layer (cement screed, tiles etc.).
  1. REMARKS
  • The ambient temperature during application of the material must be above +50
  • The Cement-based waterproofing slurry layer must be protected from high temperature, rain and frost.
  • Cement-based waterproofing slurry contains cement and reacts as alkaline with water, so it is classified as irritant.
  • Consult the usage risks and safety advice written on the bag.

Waterproofing of walls against rising moisture

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Damp proof course

2- Cement-based waterproofing slurry

3- Polymer-modified cement mortar

4- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

The appearance of rising moisture in houses creates problems both in structural elements affected (corrosion, denaturation, unaesthetic appearance etc.) and in the functionality of the area (unpleasant living conditions etc.).

This requires special treatment, since moisture impregnates the body of the element (e.g. masonry) by rising through its capillaries.

  1. SOLUTION

A horizontal barrier may be created in the body of the affected masonry, at the base of the wall, in order to hinder the rising of moisture through the capillaries.

Significant help for confronting rising moisture in walls is provided by Damp proof course, a siliceous solution used to create a horizontal barrier close to the wall base.

Damp proof course contains silicates that react with the existing hydrated lime and form insoluble compounds that stop capillary absorption, simultaneously creating hydrophobic conditions.

III. APPLICATION

Damp proof course is applied with a hole procedure. The application is carried out by pouring Damp proof course into perforations (holes) that are opened near the base of the wall and along its entire length.

For masonry with very low absorptivity, holes may be opened at two levels.

For stonework with stones of very low absorptivity, holes are opened at the joints.

If the masonry material does not contain hydrated lime then a weak solution of hydrated lime should be poured into the holes first, in order to ensure sufficient quantity to react with the silicates of Damp proof course.

Application of Damp proof course without pressure

  1. Holes should be opened in the wall with a diameter of 30 mm, at a distance of 15-20 cm between each other, and at a 30Oto 45O Their depth should reach 5 cm less than the wall’s thickness.
  2. If possible, the holes should be cleaned well with compressed air.
  3. After that, brushable sealing slurry is applied on both sides of the wall, in order to prevent the leak of Damp proof course from the wall surface.
  4. Damp proof course should be injected into the holes repeatedly until total saturation is achieved.
  5. 24 hours after the completion of the Damp proof course injection, the holes should be sealed with polymer modified cement mortar or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex.

Application of Damp proof course with pressure

This method is applied to masonry that is completely or greatly impregnated with water.

  1. Holes should be opened in the wall with a diameter of 12-18 mm, at a distance of 10-20 cm between each other, and at a 30οdipping angle or horizontally.
  2. The holes are cleaned well with compressed air.
  3. Damp proof course is injected into the holes with the use of an appropriate injection device, until the material leaks from the wall’s surface. This ensures that the areas around the holes have been saturated with the solution.
  4. After 24 hours, the holes should be sealed with polymer modified cement mortar or with a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex.
    Consumption of Damp proof course: Approx. 18 kg/m2of wall’s cross-section when refering to walls with average absorptivity.

Waterproofing of inverted roofs

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Two-component, flexible waterproofing slurry

2- Two-component, elastic waterproofing slurry

3- Polymer-modified cement mortar

4- Fast-setting patching mortar

5- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

6- Polyester cloth for reinforcing waterproofing layers

7- Fiberglass mesh for reinforcing waterproofing layers

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

When the application of the inverted insulation profile is chosen for the roof, the waterproofing layer of the terrace lies below the thermal insulation, the waterproofing’s resistance to the remaining moisture that gets trapped under the thermal insulation, becomes especially important. In addition, the waterproofing material should demonstrate efficient bonding to the substrate, elasticity, reliability and longevity.

  1. SOLUTION

The application of, flexible, brushable sealing slurry, covers all the above requirements. Its application to the terrace creates a continuous waterproof coating, with excellent bonding, durability and longevity.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. Surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned from any loose particles, grease, dust etc.
  2. Any necessary repairs or alterations to gradient are carried out using a strong cement mortar (cement:sand = 1:2 to 1:3), reinforced by adding polymer latex. It is recommended that the bonding of the cement mortar to the substrate is reinforced by applying a bonding layer to which polymer latex T is also added (cement : sand : polymer latex : water = 1 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,5 by volume parts).
  3. The intersection of the terrace with the vertical structures (parapet, stairwell termination etc.), should be dampened and sealed along their entire length using polymer-modified cement mortar, or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex (formation of a 5-6 cm triangular sided groove). Where fast work is necessary, fast-setting patching mortar may be used instead.
    Polymer-modified cement mortar consumption: 1,9-2,7 kg/m length of groove.
  4. The surface is thoroughly dampened, without leaving any water puddles.

Application of flexible waterproofing slurry

  1. The content of the 25 kg bag (component A) of flexible waterproofing slurry is added into the 8 kg of liquid (component B) under continuous stirring, until a uniform viscous mixture is formed, suitable for brush application. A low-revolution (300 rpm) mixer may be used for mixing.
  2. A layer of flexible waterproofing slurry is applied, as wide as the reinforcement (polyester cloth or fibreglass mesh) and while this is still fresh, the reinforcing material is positioned. The procedure is repeated over the remaining surface. The sheets of reinforcing material should be positioned in sequence so that they overlap each other by 5-10 cm.
    After the drying of the layer, 2 more layers of flexible waterproofing slurry are applied over the entire roof surface. The first layer is let to dry before applying the second. The thickness of each layer should not exceed 1 mm, to avoid possible cracking.
    The waterproofing should be extended at least 15-20 cm up to any vertical surfaces (parapet, stairwell termination etc.), in order to form a watertight basin.
    flexible waterproofing slurry consumption: 3,5 kg/m2.

Placement of the thermo-insulation boards
On top of the waterproofing layer and after it has dried out, the extruded polystyrene boards are placed, fixed by their weight. Following this, the boards are covered with geotextile or plastic linoleum. Finally, paving slabs or gravel (6-8 cm thick layer) are placed in order to protect the waterproofing and insulation layers from the sun and the wind. This way we also ensure walkability of the terrace.

  1. REMARKS
  • Alternatively for this application, elastic waterproofing slurry can be used instead of flexible waterproofing slurry.
  • Temperature during application should be at least +50
  • The freshly rendered surface must be protected from high temperatures, rain and frost.
  • The material contains cement, which reacts as alkaline with water, so it is classified as irritant.
  • Consult the instructions for safe use and precautions written on the packaging.

Waterproofing of terraces with 2-component, elastic, brushable, cement-based sealing slurry

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Two-component, elastic waterproofing slurry

2- Polymer-modified cement mortar

3- Fast-setting patching mortar

4- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

5- Polyester cloth for reinforcing waterproofing layers

6- Fiberglass mesh for reinforcing waterproofing layers

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

Waterproofing of terraces, whether carried out during construction of the building or later on, must be absolutely watertight, reliable resistant to adverse weather conditions and long-lasting. Also, it must display elasticity and efficient bonding to the substrate.

  1. SOLUTION

The application of elastic cement-based brushable sealing slurry, reinforced overall with sheets of fibreglass mesh or polyester cloth, 100 cm wide, covers all the above requirements. Its application on terraces creates a strong and continuous elastic waterproof coating, with excellent bonding and durability, able to follow expansion and contraction of the terrace, successfully.

It is an ideal solution whenever waterproofing is combined with the fixing of ceramic tiles, as a final coat.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. Surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned from any loose particles, grease, dust etc.
  2. Any necessary repairs or alterations to the gradient are carried out using a strong cement mortar (cement:sand = 1:2 to 1:3), reinforced by the addition of polymer latex.
    It is recommended that bonding of the cement mortar to the substrate is reinforced by applying a bonding layer to which polymer latex. is also added (cement : sand : polymer latex. : water = 1 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,5 by volume).
  3. The intersection of the terrace with the vertical structures (parapet, stairwell termination), should be dampened and sealed along their length using polymer modified cement mortar, or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex (formation of a 5-6cm triangular sided groove). Where fast work is necessary, , fast-setting patching mortar may be used instead.
    Polymer-modified cement mortar consumption: 1,9-2,7 kg/m length of goove.
  4. The substrate is thoroughly dampened, without leaving any water puddles.

Application of waterproofing

  1. The content of the 25 kg bag (component A) of elastic waterproofing slurry is added into the 10 kg of liquid (component B) under continuous stirring, until a uniform viscous mixture is formed, suitable for brush application. A low-revolution (300 rpm) mixer may be used for mixing.
  2. A layer of elastic waterproofing slurry is applied, as wide as the reinforcement (fibreglass mesh or polyester cloth) and while this is still fresh, the reinforcing material is positioned. The procedure is repeated over the remaining surface. The sheets of reinforcement should be positioned in sequence so that they overlap each other by 5-10 cm.
    After drying of this layer, 2 more layers of elastic waterproofing slurry are applied over the entire roof surface, letting the first layer dry before applying the second. The thickness of each layer should not exceed 1 mm, in order to avoid any cracking. The waterproofing should be extended at least 15-20 cm up to any vertical surfaces (parapet, stairwell termination etc), in order to form a watertight basin.
    elastic waterproofing slurry consumption: 3,5 kg/m2.

Covering of the waterproofing
The final surface can be covered ceramic tiles, paving slabs or terrazzo, or with a 6-8cm thick layer of gravel. In the latter case, it is recommended that a geotextile is placed between the waterproofing and the gravel layer, in order to protect the waterproofing layer from “injuring”.

  1. REMARKS
  • Temperature during application should be at least +5o
  • The freshly rendered surface must be protected from high temperatures, rain and frost.
  • Where the waterproofing is intended to be the final coating of the surface, it is recommended that white elastic waterproofing slurry is used, at least for the last layer, in order to reduce the absorption of heat from the sun’s rays and extend the life of the waterproofing.
  • Consult the instructions for safe use and precautions written on the packaging.

Waterproofing of terraces with bituminous membranes

RELATED MATERIALS

1- Plastomeric bituminous membrane (APP) reinforced with polyester cloth of 180 g/m

2- Elastomeric bituminous membrane covered with aluminium sheet

3- Polymer-modified cement mortar

4- Fast-setting patching mortar

5- Polymer latex for multiple improvements of mortars

6- Bituminous emulsion

7- Bituminous varnish

8- Bituminous mastic

9- Elastomeric waterproofing membrane

10- Elastomeric waterproofing membrane

  1. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM – REQUIREMENTS

Waterproofing for terraces must be absolutely watertight, reliable, resistant to adverse weather conditions and long lasting.

Also it must display elasticity and efficient bonding to the substrate.

  1. SOLUTION

Waterproofing with plastomeric bituminous membranes, meets the above requirements. plastomeric bituminous membranes is made from a specially formatted mixture of bitumen and polymers from Atactic Polypropylene (A.P.P.), reinforced with polyester fabric. It provides an effective, affordable and easily-applied solution for waterproofing terraces, since it can be stuck down by heating with a blow-torch, without the need of hot oxidised bitumen (bituminous adhesive).

It is suitable for waterproofing terraces at the time of their construction or later.

Where waterproofing is the final surface layer, it is recommended that action is taken for its protection from UV radiation and thus prolongation of the membranes life. This can be done by using bituminous membranes with a covering of mineral chippings (either white or grey) or by the subsequent covering of the waterproofing with an other layer, such as paving slabs or 2-3 cm graded gravel layer, 6-8 cm thick. In the latter case, it is recommended that geotextile is put between the waterproofing and gravel, to protect the waterproofing from “injuring”.

III.APPLICATION
Substrate preparation

  1. The substrate should be thoroughly cleaned from any loose particles, grease, dust etc.
  2. Any necessary repairs or alterations to the gradient should be carried out using a strong cement mortar (cement:sand = 1:2 to 1:3), reinforced by the addition of polymer latex. It is recommended that bonding of the cement mortar to the substrate is reinforced by applying a bonding layer to which polymer latex is also added (cement : sand : : water = 1 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,5 by volume parts).
  3. Where the terrace intersects the vertical structures a groove must be formed using polymer modified cement mortar or a cement mortar reinforced with polymer latex. When fast work is required, fast-setting cement mortar can be used instead.
    Consumption of polymer modified cement mortar: 1,9-2,7 kg/m groove’s length.
    This prevents the bituminous membranes from being folded at a right angle, which could result in cracking.
  4. The terrace, which should be dry, is primed with a suitable bitumen primer, such as bitumen emulsion diluted with water or bitumen varnish.
    bitumen emulsion consumption: approx. 0,3 kg/m2.
    bitumen varnish. consumption: approx. 0,3 kg/m2.

Plastomeric bituminous membrane application

  1. The bituminous membranes are heated with a blowtorch and stuck to the surface, starting from the lower points, so that there will be no joints against the water flow. The film covering the inner side of the membrane melts on contact with the flame and facilitates the bonding of the bituminous membranes to the surface. Adjacent membrane felts should overlap each other at a width of approx. 10 cm.
  2. Once the bituminous membranes have been laid,  the joints are especially treated with a blowtorch and sealed by being pressed with an iron roll, in order to ensure good bonding. Where bituminous membranes with chips is used, the bonding process in the overlapped areas involves a significant loss of chips. To ensure that the coverings’ protection against UV radiation is adequate, a coating with Elastomeric waterproofing membrane is recommended along the entire length of the joints.
  3. The waterproofing is extended about 50 cm up to the sides of vertical surfaces (parapets, stairs, termination etc.), in order to form a watertight basin.
  4. It is recommended that the edges of the bituminous membranes are fixed to the vertical surfaces with aluminium strips, 2 mm thick and 3 cm wide. Galvanised nails and washers are used to fasten them.
  5. The space between the strip and the vertical surface should be sealed with special bituminous mastic. Wherever there is an interruption to the waterproofing (pipes, rain pipes, metal bases etc.), this should be similarly sealed with the same mastic.
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